Costa Rica: Ongoing hepatitis A outbreak in Goicoechea

Event

According to health officials, 15 confirmed cases of hepatitis A have been reported in the Goicoechea canton as of July 24. Reports indicate that the most affected area is the town of Guadalupe. Health officials have implemented public health measures, including increased monitoring, to limit further spread of the disease. 

Context

Hepatitis A is transmitted via food and water that has been contaminated by human fecal material containing the virus. The incubation period is between 15 and 50 days. In approximately 90 percent of cases, the infected person presents no symptoms. In cases where symptoms are present the patient may display flu-like symptoms, long-term fatigue (lasting weeks or months), headaches, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hives, and muscle and joint pain. In some cases, the individual may complain of discomfort in the upper right portion of the abdomen (liver). A gradual yellowing of the skin may also be observed, which can last up to a month. Given that symptoms of hepatitis A are rare and easily confused with other illnesses, a doctor should be consulted in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis. A vaccine is available. 

Advice

Individuals in or considering travel to affected areas are advised to contact their medical provider regarding vaccination. To reduce the risk of exposure to the virus, exercise proper personal hygiene and food sanitation measures: wash hands regularly, and eat only thoroughly cooked foods.