India: Elevated measles activity reported nationwide, especially in Maharashtra, in December

Event

Indian health officials have reported elevated measles activity nationwide, with 10,416 confirmed measles cases reported Jan. 1-Dec. 12. Maharashtra State (3,075 cases) is the most at-risk, followed by Jharkhand (2,683 cases). Health officials have increased immunization activities to minimize disease incidence; this includes increasing immunization campaigns and community awareness of vaccination hesitancy. This report represents the most complete data available as of Dec. 28.

Context

Vaccination coverage for measles-containing vaccine 1 (MCV-1) in India was estimated at 89 percent in 2021 and 2020, lower than the 92-95 percent required to prevent wider community transmission. The last notable measles outbreak in India was reported in 2019 when 10,430 cases were reported. In 2020, approximately 5,600 cases were reported, and in 2021, 5,700 cases.

Measles is a very contagious viral disease that spreads through respiratory droplets created when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or speaks. Infected individuals can also expose people around them by contaminating surfaces with secretions from the nose, mouth, and throat. Symptoms typically appear 7-14 days after exposure but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a red rash that begins on the face and spreads downward. Serious complications - including pneumonia - can occur, especially in children younger than five years old, adults older than 20 years old, and individuals with a weakened immune system.

Advice

Visit a doctor to ensure vaccination against measles or immunity through previous infection. Practice basic health precautions. Call your medical provider if symptoms develop within three weeks of being in affected areas.