Burkina Faso: Elevated dengue fever activity reported in multiple areas, especially Ouagadougou, through October

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity in multiple areas in Burkina Faso, with a total of 73,596 cases (17,125 confirmed; 56,471 suspected) as of Oct. 20. Ouagadougou located in the Central region, is most affected, reporting the highest number of suspected cases, followed by Bobo Dioulasso in the Hauts-Bassins region. Local health officials have provided free rapid screening tests in public health structures and have implemented a campaign to spray insecticide in the most affected areas to prevent disease transmission. This represents the most complete information available as of Oct. 24.

Context

Dengue fever is considered a year-round, nationwide threat in Burkina Faso; however, risk is highest May-October. Health authorities identified roughly 13,794 cases of dengue fever in Burkina Faso in 2021, 2,512 cases in 2020, and 5,278 cases in 2019.

There are two dengue fever vaccines, Dengvaxia and Qdenga. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.