13 Nov 2023 | 12:07 PM UTC
Niger: Elevated diphtheria activity reported in multiple areas, especially Zinder, through November
Elevated diphtheria activity reported in Niger through November. Zinder is most affected. Confirm vaccination.
Local health authorities have declared an outbreak of diphtheria in Niger, with 1,838 suspected cases reported July 17-Nov. 2. This is compared to the 736 cases reported in Niger in 2022. Disease activity has been reported in all eight of the country’s regions, with Zinder (1,578 cases) being the most affected, followed by Agadez (132 cases). Districts reporting more than 80% of the cases include Matameye, Magaria, and Tanout. Health authorities have implemented outbreak response measures including strengthening surveillance efforts, implementing infection control measures in healthcare facilities in affected districts, and carrying out immunization initiatives in affected districts. This represents the most complete data available as of Nov. 13.
Visit a doctor to ensure vaccination against diphtheria or immunity through previous infection. Practice basic health precautions. Call your medical provider if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas.
Diphtheria vaccination coverage in Niger is estimated at 84 percent in 2022, which falls within the 83–86 percent required to prevent wider community transmission. Health authorities have reported 736 cases nationwide in Niger in 2022, no cases in 2021, 15 cases in 2020, and 55 cases in 2019.
Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial disease spread through respiratory droplets created when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Infected individuals can also expose people around them by contaminating surfaces with secretions from the nose, mouth, and throat. In rare cases, the bacteria can spread through contact with infected skin lesions. Symptoms typically appear 2-5 days after exposure but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Symptoms of diphtheria vary depending on where the bacteria accumulates in the body. If the bacteria accumulate in the nose, throat, or tonsils, symptoms generally include sore throat, fever, chills, and a characteristic white or grayish coating on the back of the nose or throat. If the bacteria accumulate on the skin, symptoms generally include a characteristic non-healing, gray ulcer on the skin, or a scaling rash.
