13 Nov 2023 | 10:05 AM UTC
Vietnam: Confirmed monkeypox (mpox) cases reported in multiple areas, especially Ho Chi Minh City, in November /update 1
Monkeypox (mpox) cases confirmed in Vietnam in November. Ho Chi Minh City is most affected. Maintain basic health precautions.
Health officials have reported elevated monkeypox (mpox) activity in multiple areas in Vietnam, with 56 confirmed cases reported Sept. 23-Oct. 31. Ho Chi Minh City (46 cases) is most affected, followed by Dong Nai (2 cases), Lam Dong (2 cases), Long An (2 cases), Binh Duong (1 case), Can Tho (1 case), Nai (1 case), and Tay Ninh (1 case). As disease surveillance and contact tracing continue, officials will likely identify additional cases in the coming weeks. This report represents the most up-to-date information as of Nov. 13.
Practice basic health precautions, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, covering the nose and mouth when coughing, and avoiding obviously ill individuals. Avoid overcrowded areas and consider using safe sexual practices, such as physical barriers (condoms), in countries reporting mpox transmission. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Vaccines are available but limited.
The first confirmed cases of mpox in Vietnam were reported on Oct. 3, 2022, in Ho Chi Minh City. The first confirmed cases reported in 2022 were associated with overseas travel; however, all 2023 cases were due to local transmission. Human-to-human transmission occurs among people in close physical contact, with an increase in recent cases linked to sexual contact. The current outbreak highlights the importance of vigilant safe sexual practices, and mpox can be transmitted while the infected person displays few or no symptoms; however, the risk is currently assessed as low for individuals not routinely engaging with multiple or anonymous sexual partners.
Mpox does not naturally occur in Vietnam; most cases are reported in West and Central Africa, primarily in the DRC, Nigeria, and Cameroon, among individuals who report contact with wild rodents or other mammals that may harbor the disease.
Mpox is caused by a virus that belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. However, mpox is not the same as smallpox and does not have the same capacity for rapid human-to-human transmission. Mpox is mainly transmitted to humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected rodents or primates. Human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through close personal contact with an infected individual via respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids, or indirect contact with lesion material (e.g., contaminated clothing or bedding). Symptoms typically appear 6-16 days after exposure but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, headache, muscle aches and backaches, swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion, and a distinctive rash characterized by lesions that progress through several stages before falling off.
