Nepal: Heatwave conditions forecast to persist over southern regions through at least May 2

High temperatures are forecast to persist across much of southern Nepal through at least May 2. As of April 29, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology has issued a heatwave bulletin advising that temperatures of over 40 C (104 F) have been recorded in parts of the region over the coming days and the high temperatures are likely to continue. The department has issued the following heatwave warnings across the affected area:

• Red heatwave warnings (the highest level on a three-tier scale): Kailali and Kanchanpur districts in Sudurpaschim Province; Banke, Bardiya, Dang, Kapilvastu, Nawalparasi, and Rupandehi districts in Lumbini Province; and across Madhesh Province.

• Orange heatwave warnings: Doti District in Sudurpaschim Province; Surkhet District in Karnali Province; Nawalparasi District in Gandaki Province; Chitwan and Sindhuli districts in Bagmati Province; and Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, and Udayapuri districts in Koshi Province.

• Yellow heatwave warnings: Across the rest of the affected area.

Officials could update and extend the coverage of weather alerts over the coming days.

The extended period of oppressive heat and dry conditions may produce ideal circumstances for wildfire growth throughout the region. Heatwaves pose a threat to vulnerable groups - such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with respiratory illnesses - due to the increased possibility of heat stroke or heat exhaustion. Relatively healthy individuals, especially those working outdoors or using mass transit, may also face health risks during significant heatwaves. The lack of air conditioning and cramped vehicles, particularly during rush hour, may lead to dehydration and other health issues in some passengers. The extended period of oppressive heat and dry conditions may lead to wildfires.

Very high temperatures may warp rail tracks and force passenger and freight trains to operate at reduced speeds. Road surface damage is also possible, and overheated vehicles may worsen traffic problems in urban areas where congestion is already a problem. Commercial trucking disruptions might occur as very high temperatures put more stress on vehicles, making tire blowouts more common. Major flight disruptions are unlikely at airports in the region, but general aviation disruptions are possible, and some airfreight carriers could reduce cargo loads. High temperatures could lead to an increased demand for electricity, which might trigger localized brownouts or blackouts, exacerbating hazardous conditions when air conditioning is no longer possible.