Vanuatu: Elevated leptospirosis activity reported nationwide in Vanuatu through April

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated leptospirosis activity nationwide in Vanuatu, with more than 50 cases reported Jan. 1-April 16. This is 4.5 times higher than the 13 cases reported in 2022. Sanma (29 cases) is the most affected province, followed by Shefa (13 cases), Malampa (9 cases), Penama (6 cases), and Tafea (2 cases). The Ministry of Health is working on coordinating with international health authorities to increase awareness of preventative measures and how the disease is transmitted in the affected provinces to slow infection rates. This represents the most complete information available as of April 28.

Context

Leptospirosis is caused by a bacterium that spreads to humans through water and soil contaminated by infected animal urine. Symptoms typically appear 5-14 days after exposure, but can develop up to 30 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include headache, fever, muscle aches, chills, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, some individuals can develop a more severe illness called Weil's disease, which can be life-threatening. Symptoms of Weil's disease may include meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord), kidney failure, and/or liver failure.

Advice

Avoid contact with contaminated soil and water. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within one month of being in affected areas.