Malaysia: Elevated pertussis activity reported in Sabah through April

Event

Malaysian health officials have reported elevated pertussis activity across multiple districts in Sabah, with more than 70 cases reported Jan. 1-April 27. Over a similar period in 2022, only seven cases were reported. Kota Kinabalu (20 cases) is the most affected district, followed by Lahad Datu (16 cases), Tawau (15 cases), and Putatan (8 cases). The Malaysian Ministry of Health has implemented preventative measures including increased monitoring and surveillance measures, recommending that parents should have their children vaccinated against the disease and that those experiencing symptoms should seek immediate medical attention. This report represents the most complete data available as of May 2.

Context

Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccination coverage in Malaysia is estimated at 95%, which falls within the 92-94 percent required to prevent wider community transmission. Health officials have reported roughly 11 pertussis cases in 2021, 136 cases in 2020, and 915 cases in 2019.

Pertussis - also known as "whooping cough" - is a very contagious viral disease that spreads through respiratory droplets created when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Symptoms typically appear 7-10 days after exposure but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms range from mild illness with low-grade fever and occasional coughing in the early stage, to vomiting, exhaustion, and severe fits of rapid coughing in the later stage. Infants and children up to 4 years old are at highest risk, and typically suffer the most severe symptoms.

Advice

Visit a doctor to ensure vaccination against pertussis or immunity through previous infection. Practice basic health precautions. Call your medical provider if symptoms develop within three weeks of being in affected areas.