Russia/CIS: Muslims regionwide to observe Ramadan April 13 through May 12

Event

Millions of Muslims across Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, southern Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan will observe Ramadan, Islam's holiest month, from April 13 through May 12. Precise dates for the observance can vary by approximately a day from country to country, as the official commencement depends on the first sighting of the lunar crescent. During Ramadan, practicing Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking from dawn to dusk. Meals are consumed after sunset and before sunrise. Eid al-Fitr (Feast of Breaking the Fast) occurs at the end of Ramadan and, traditionally, celebrations can last between one and seven days.

Measures introduced by countries to halt the spread of the COVID-19, such as domestic and international travel restrictions, movement controls, business closures, nightly curfews, and bans on public gatherings, are all likely to significantly impact festivities this year. Authorities will probably enhance monitoring and enforcement of COVID-19 restrictions.

Many Muslims in the former Soviet Union are not strong adherents and Ramadan observances are often less prevalent in major cities. Nevertheless, practices vary widely by region. While local COVID-19 controls will largely dictate how the holy month is celebrated in 2021, in locations having more lenient restrictions and where non-essential businesses are generally allowed to operate, restaurants may close during daylight hours, but grocery markets will probably remain open. Most restaurants in large hotels that cater to foreigners will serve meals during the day, but some businesses, shops, and government offices could reduce their hours of operation. In areas having fewer pandemic-related movement restrictions and/or no curfews, heavier-than-normal traffic is likely after sundown and on weekends as Muslims travel to shops or to visit relatives. Some embassies and consulates could have abbreviated operating hours.

Businesses, government offices, embassies, banks, and schools will close for Eid al-Fitr in predominantly Muslim countries and specific republics in Russia.

Islamist terrorist groups, particularly those based in the North Caucasus republics of Russia, including Dagestan, could attempt to escalate activity during Ramadan. A visible increase in security measures is therefore likely around potential targets, including government and religious sites, tourist locations, transport hubs, and large public places, as authorities act out of an abundance of caution.

Advice

If operating in a region or republic of the former Soviet Union known for a more traditional observance of Ramadan, to the extent possible, refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in public during the day out of respect for those observing religious obligations. Avoid sensitive topics of discussion, including religious and political issues. Strictly adhere to all local COVID-19 restrictions; reconfirm all business appointments. Allow additional time to reach destinations. Remain alert and report any suspicious activity or objects to the authorities.