Iraq: Iraqi authorities increase security nationwide for Arba'een pilgrimage Sept. 27-28

Event

Iraqi authorities have increased security nationwide in anticipation of the annual Shi'a Arba'een pilgrimage Sept. 27-28, when tens of thousands of pilgrims will converge on the holy city of Karbala. While there is no limit on Iraqi pilgrims, a maximum of 40,000 foreigners are allowed to participate in the procession this year due to COVID-19 concerns. Foreign pilgrims can only enter Iraq via the country's international airports and must present a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours prior to arrival.

Thousands of security personnel and allied Shi'a militias will deploy to Karbala and roads leading to the city to safeguard pilgrims. Heightened security is also likely in Baghdad, Babil, and Najaf governorates. The increased security is mainly in response to the threat from Sunni extremists. The highest threat of attack exists in Baghdad and on routes to the holy cities of Karbala and Najaf at least a week before and after the event.

Vehicles are likely to be banned in Karbala during the pilgrimage, and authorities will use a dedicated fleet of buses to move people from gathering points on the outskirts of the city to the Imam Hussain and Al-Abbas shrines. Curfews and other restrictions are possible according to the security conditions.

Context

Arba'een marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Imam Hussain ibn Ali, whose martyrdom at the Battle of Karbala led to the schism between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims. Terrorist attacks on Shi'a pilgrims have been relatively common in the past, and security continues to be a major concern.

Sectarian tensions will be high, and disputes over religious issues may turn violent. Acknowledging and abiding by Shi'a traditions is important, as perceived affronts to religious conventions have led to angry confrontations with non-Shi'a - including foreigners - in the past. Many Shi'a may carry banners or display posters depicting Imam Hussein or religious verses during the pilgrimage; removing or defiling these items in any way could spark mob violence.

Advice

Stay away from large crowds and sites where pilgrims gather unless observing Arba'een. Allow considerable extra time to reach destinations in Shi'a-populated areas due to increased security and heavy congestion, especially on main routes leading to Karbala. Confirm hotel reservations, transport bookings, and business appointments. Respect local customs; restrict photography, and avoid sensitive topics of discussion, including religious and political issues.