Afghanistan: Insecurity persists nationwide as of late October amid continued militant threat; limited international air travel options /update 2

Event

Insecurity persists across Afghanistan as of late October. Militant attacks remain a threat across the country, especially in cities and towns. International flights are limited, and while some border crossings have reopened, disruptions affecting entry and exit are possible. Widespread power outages may occur, as militants may target electricity infrastructure.

Security
Militant groups, notably the Islamic State - Khorasan (IS-K) group, continue to conduct attacks in cities and towns. Additional attacks are likely in the coming weeks, especially in major cities. Militants may target Shi'a mosques, especially during or after Friday prayers, as well as security personnel and buildings, government offices, and highly populated commercial areas. In Kabul, the Taliban will likely maintain checkpoints and other measures in the coming weeks. The Taliban has lifted the 21:00-dawn nightly curfew. The Taliban has been involved in fighting with militant groups and anti-Taliban resistance forces in several provinces, including Herat, Nangarhar, and Oruzgan.

Some Taliban forces have reportedly targeted multiple groups in recent weeks; the central leadership of the Taliban does not exercise effective control over all factions. Attacks on Hazara communities have been reported in Daykundi Province. The Taliban has also attacked Salafist communities in Nangarhar Province; the IS-K has a strong support base in Nangarhar, and many Salafists have joined the group.

Locals may continue to stage demonstrations over various issues in the coming weeks. Protesters have held gatherings, especially in Kabul, to denounce Taliban policies, especially those relating to women's rights. Taliban fighters have opened fire to disperse previous protests. Fighters may use force to disperse additional gatherings, as the Taliban has banned most protests. Protests are also likely in northern provinces and provinces in central Afghanistan with larger Hazara populations.

Extortion and kidnapping by opportunistic criminal groups are possible, especially along highways.

Consular services may be unavailable, particularly outside of Kabul. Western embassies have suspended their consular services in Kabul. Other countries, including China, Russia, Pakistan, and Iran, continue to operate their diplomatic missions in the capital.

Transport
International flights via Kabul International Airport (KBL) are limited to some regional flights; some airlines are conducting charter flights for evacuations. Airlines may temporarily suspend charter flights at short notice due to security concerns; Pakistan International Airlines (PK) suspended flights to KBL from Oct. 14 following a dispute with the Taliban; however, media sources indicate PIA has stated that will resume charter flights. Domestic flights have resumed at multiple airports, including KBL and Kandahar's Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport (KDH).

The Taliban controls all international land border crossings. Although some border crossings have reopened, Taliban officials reportedly only permit Afghans with active visas to enter neighboring countries. Some reports indicate that the Taliban have reached deals with some nations to permit Afghan citizens to enter nearby countries. Taliban fighters have erected blockades and vehicle checkpoints, where the collection of illicit taxes and kidnapping of vehicle occupants may occur. Authorities frequently close the Spin Boldak and Torkham border crossings with Pakistan due to security concerns.

Commerce and Infrastructure
Disruptions to business operations, public transport, and aid agencies are likely nationwide. Goods shortages have reportedly occurred due to business closures, and shipping delays could continue nationwide. Prices of essential commodities have risen amid shortages, especially in Kabul, and may prompt panic buying. Banks have begun to reopen, but cash shortages are occurring, and banks are limiting withdrawals. Long lines are likely near available branches as civilians attempt to withdraw money. Electricity disruptions are also likely in the coming weeks. IS-K militants have claimed responsibility for previous explosions targeting electricity pylons that caused widespread power outages in Kabul and other provinces.

Advice

Consider deferring all nonessential travel to Afghanistan until the security situation stabilizes. Foreign nationals should strongly consider exiting the country, if possible. Maintain close contact with your diplomatic representation. Do not depart for the airport until flight service is confirmed; check the status of routes and the airport before departure. Maintain a low public profile and dress conservatively.

Follow official directives. Exercise caution and avoid any protests. Defer travel to sites with ongoing security operations; if operating in such an area, remain sheltered in a secure indoor location, away from windows. Confirm business appointments, transport reservations, road status, and deliveries in advance. Ensure contingency plans account for business and transport disruptions.

Resources

Afghanistan Civil Aviation Authority NOTAM
Ministry of Interior Affairs
Ministry of Defence