Haiti: Cholera outbreak continues in multiple departments, especially Ouest, through Dec. 13 /update 2

Event

Haitian health authorities have reported elevated cholera activity, with 6,522 additional suspected cases reported Nov. 13-Dec. 13, bringing the total to 14,777 suspected cases, of which 1,262 cases are confirmed. All 10 departments have reported cholera activity, with the majority of confirmed cases reported in Ouest (961 cases), followed by Centre (156 cases) and Artibonite (47 cases). As of Dec. 13, health officials have reported 291 cholera-related deaths representing a 2.3 percent case fatality rate. The current outbreak has worsened because of continued civil unrest, gang violence, insecurity, hampered health operations, and epidemiological surveillance. This represents the complete data available as of Dec. 14.

Context

Haiti's last notable cholera outbreak occurred in 2012, when 3,593 cases were reported; the outbreak was primarily a consequence of the impacts of Hurricane Sandy. Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure but can develop up to five days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.