Malaysia: Elevated dengue fever activity reported nationwide, especially in Selangor, through late May

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity nationwide in Malaysia, with more than 45,100 suspected cases reported from Jan. 1-May 29. This is 2.8 times higher than the 16,144 cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Selangor (22,716 cases) is the most affected state, followed by Kuala Lumpur (4,347 cases), Pulai Pinang (4,181 cases), Sabah (3,762 cases), Johor (3,297 cases), Kedah (1,869 cases), Perak (1,416 cases), and Negeri Sembilan (1,326 cases). The Malaysian Ministry of Health implemented various preventative measures to reduce disease transmission, including the destruction of mosquito breeding places, spraying, and health education. This represents the most complete information available as of May 30.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide and year-round threat in Malaysia; however, transmission is typically highest October-March when environmental conditions are ideal for mosquito breeding. Malaysia reported roughly 64,078 dengue fever cases nationwide in 2022, 26,365 cases in 2021, and 90,304 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.