Martinique: Elevated dengue fever activity reported islandwide through August

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity islandwide in Martinique, with more than 720 confirmed cases (3,500+ suspected cases) reported from Jan. 1-Aug. 20. This is compared to the nine confirmed and 220 suspected cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Disease activity was reported in 28 communes for the period of July 24-Aug. 20, with the communes reporting the highest disease activity being Trois-Ilets (64 cases), Fort-de-France (47 cases), Schœlcher (40 cases), Lamentin (24 cases), Ducos (21 cases), and Saint-Pierre (21 cases). This represents the most complete information available as of Aug. 29.

Context

Dengue fever is considered a year-round, islandwide threat in Martinique; however, risk is highest July-January. Health authorities identified roughly 360 suspected cases of dengue fever in Martinique in 2022, 1,073 cases in 2021, 32,398 cases in 2020, and 1,530 cases in 2019.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.