22 Nov 2023 | 10:55 AM UTC
Indonesia: Confirmed monkeypox (mpox) cases reported in multiple areas, especially Jakarta, through November /update 2
Monkeypox (mpox) cases confirmed in multiple areas in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, through November. Maintain basic health precautions.
Health officials have reported elevated monkeypox (mpox) activity in multiple provinces in Indonesia, with an additional 28 cases reported Oct. 30-Nov. 21, bringing the total to 55 confirmed cases reported since Oct. 13. This is compared to only one confirmed case reported in 2022. Jakarta (41 confirmed cases) is most affected, followed by West Java (6 confirmed cases), Banten (6 confirmed cases), Riau (1 confirmed case), and East Java (1 confirmed case). All cases are under quarantine and receiving treatment. The Jakarta Health Department has initiated a vaccination campaign targeting individuals who have a high risk of infection. As disease surveillance and contact tracing continue, officials will likely identify additional cases in the coming weeks. This report represents the most up-to-date information as of Nov. 22.
Practice basic health precautions, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, covering the nose and mouth when coughing, and avoiding obviously ill individuals. Avoid overcrowded areas and consider using safe sexual practices, such as physical barriers (condoms), in countries reporting mpox transmission. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Vaccines are available but limited.
The first confirmed case of mpox in Indonesia was reported on Aug. 20, 2022, in Jakarta. Human-to-human transmission occurs among people in close physical contact, with an increase in recent cases linked to sexual contact. The current outbreak highlights the importance of vigilant safe sexual practices, and mpox can be transmitted while the infected person displays few or no symptoms; however, the risk is currently assessed as low for individuals not routinely engaging with multiple or anonymous sexual partners.
Mpox does not naturally occur in Indonesia; most cases are reported in West and Central Africa, primarily in the DRC, Nigeria, and Cameroon, among individuals who report contact with wild rodents or other mammals that may harbor the disease.
Mpox is caused by a virus that belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. However, mpox is not the same as smallpox and does not have the same capacity for rapid human-to-human transmission. Mpox is mainly transmitted to humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected rodents or primates. Human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through close personal contact with an infected individual via respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids, or indirect contact with lesion material (e.g., contaminated clothing or bedding). Symptoms typically appear 6-16 days after exposure but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, headache, muscle aches and backaches, swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion, and a distinctive rash characterized by lesions that progress through several stages before falling off.
