28 Mar 2024 | 11:33 PM UTC
Haiti: Curfew in Ouest Department extended until at least March 29 as gang violence continues. /update 10
Curfew in Ouest Department, Haiti, extended until March 29 as gang violence continues. State of emergency remains in effect until April 3.
Gang violence will likely continue to foment political instability and disrupt ground transport, business operations, and diplomatic services through at least early April. With gangs continuing to overwhelm the Haitian National Police (Police Nationale d'Haiti, PNH), authorities have extended the existing 19:00-06:00 nightly curfew in Ouest Department until at least March 29. Further extensions are likely; by law, the curfew can be renewed for periods of 72 hours at a time. A related state of emergency (SoE) is scheduled to remain in effect until at least April 3. Officials have banned demonstrations on public roads in Ouest Department during the SoE.
Despite these security measures and Prime Minister Ariel Henry's announcement that he would resign following the creation of a transitional presidential council, gang-related violence has continued in and around Port-au-Prince. Since mid-March, an escalation in violence has been noted in some of the capital's most affluent suburbs, especially in Petionville. On March 20, suspected gang members reportedly killed a PNH officer in Delmas 72; police killed a local gang leader during armed clashes in Petionville. In recent days, the PNH has also carried out operations in areas where gang activity is particularly prevalent, including Delmas 6, downtown Port-au-Prince, Bellevue, Belvil, Laboule, and Thomassin, among others. Additionally, on March 18, security forces killed at least three suspected criminals while repelling an attack on the country's central bank in the capital.
Gang members may also attempt to stage additional attacks on Haiti's main seaport in the capital. A UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) container holding essential items for mothers and children was looted at the port during mid-March. Caribbean Port Services (CPS) has indefinitely suspended operations at the facility after gang members breached the port and looted containers. Further acts of looting and a continued suspension of port operations would likely exacerbate existing shortages of food, fuel, and medical supplies, as well as further degrade the provision of medical services in the country. Existing shortages of medical supplies, fuel, and electricity due to the gang violence have already impeded medical facilities' operations across Haiti.
Several diplomatic missions have evacuated staff members from Port-au-Prince amid the gang violence and political instability, including those of the US, Canada, Germany, and the EU. The US Embassy nonetheless remains operational, and the US military has reinforced security at the facility. Several additional countries may evacuate their diplomatic staff from Haiti and limit their diplomatic activities in the country over the coming weeks as the security crisis persists.
Travel Disruptions
Major flight disruptions will likely continue at airports across Haiti, including at Port-au-Prince's Toussaint Louverture International Airport (PAP) and Cap-Haitien International Airport (CAP). Several airlines have suspended flights to and from Haiti; however, Haiti-based Sunrise Airways (S6) has resumed limited commercial flight operations between CAP and Miami International Airport (MIA). As a result of the violence, the Canadian and US governments have reiterated their advice to their respective citizens not to travel to Haiti, and civil aviation authorities in the Dominican Republic have recommended that airlines avoid all services to PAP.
Avoid areas affected by significant gang violence. Maintain heightened vigilance if operating in the Port-au-Prince area. Prepare for disruptions to ground transport, flights, business operations, and diplomatic services. Consider making alternative arrangements for time-sensitive travel. Leave the area immediately if violence erupts nearby; if unable to do so, take refuge in a secure building until it is safe to depart. Adhere to all instructions issued by local authorities and your home government.
Haiti's security situation began to deteriorate with a surge in gang violence in late February as Henry arrived in Kenya for negotiations regarding a UN-backed multinational security deployment in the country. G9 gang leader Jimmy Cherizier claimed that the attacks intended to target government officials, including PNH chief Frantz Elbe, in an attempt to dissuade Henry from returning to the country. Henry has since remained outside of Haiti, and announced late March 11 while in Puerto Rico that he would resign once a transitional presidential council was established and an interim successor and new cabinet were chosen.
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has signaled that the transitional council would be composed of seven voting members from the country's political parties and business sector, as well as two observer roles, including a religious leader and member of the country's civil society. The time frame on which a transitional presidential council would materialize remained unclear as of late March. Some political parties have already rejected the plans to establish the transitional council. Among those opposing the plans are political allies Guy Philippe, a former rebel leader who helped oust President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 2004, and Jean Charles Moise, a former senator and presidential candidate. Philippe has asserted that Haitians should not implement proposals from the international community, declaring that "Haitians will decide who will govern Haiti."
The PNH has recently come under growing pressure, especially after gangs attacked the National Penitentiary in the capital and a prison facility in Croix-des-Bouquets, freeing thousands of inmates on March 2. The G9 gang has claimed responsibility for a series of attacks on critical infrastructure, and Cherizier, the group's leader, has demanded the immediate removal of Henry. Gang attacks have targeted police facilities, including the police academy, as well as the central bank, the national soccer stadium, and several government buildings.
Electricite d'Haiti (EDH), the country's electricity company, also released a statement on March 18 asserting that gang members had vandalized several electrical facilities in the Port-au-Prince area, including the Varreux Power Plant, and stolen company equipment. EDH added that the damage caused electricity disruptions that affected Route de l'Aeroport, Croix-des-Bouquets, Place Jeremie, Boulevard Marin, Santo, Bon Repos, Haut Tabarre, the vicinity of the US Embassy, and the Little Brothers and Sisters Hospital (Hopital Petits Freres et Soeurs), among other areas.
The curfew and SoE measures have been in place since early March but do not appear to have resulted in any tangible improvement in the security situation as officials lack the capacity to enforce these measures. Due to the ongoing violence, the US and Canadian governments have urged their citizens to leave Haiti as soon as possible; however, options to do so remain extremely limited.
