India: Heatwave conditions forecast to persist over northwestern and central regions through at least June 3 /update 5

Heatwave conditions are forecast to persist across northwestern and central India through June 3, with the heatwave gradually subsiding from May 30. High temperatures have been ongoing in the region since mid-May, with maximum temperatures of over 40 C (104 F) recorded across much of the region in recent days, reaching as high as 50 C (122 F) in parts of western Rajasthan State. As of early May 30, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a press release stating that heatwave to severe heatwave conditions are forecast to gradually reduce over the region from May 30. Heatwave conditions will likely remain over pockets of the region through at least June 3.

The IMD has issued the following warnings across the affected area May 30-June 3:

• Orange heatwave warnings (the middle level on a three-tier scale): Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Jharkhand, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh May 30 and Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, and Punjab May 31.

• Yellow heatwave/hot and humid warnings: Most of the rest of the affected area May 30-31, Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Punjab June 1, and Chandigarh, Delhi, and Haryana June 2-3.

Authorities will likely amend advisories as weather conditions change over the coming days.

The extended period of oppressive heat and dry conditions may produce ideal circumstances for wildfire growth throughout the region. Heatwaves pose a threat to vulnerable groups - such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with respiratory illnesses - due to the increased possibility of heat stroke or heat exhaustion. Relatively healthy individuals, especially those working outdoors or using mass transit, may also face health risks during significant heatwaves. The lack of air conditioning and cramped vehicles, particularly during rush hour, may lead to dehydration and other health issues in some passengers.

Very high temperatures may warp rail tracks and force passenger and freight trains to operate at reduced speeds. Road surface damage is also possible, and overheated vehicles may worsen traffic problems in urban areas where congestion is already a problem. Commercial trucking disruptions might occur as very high temperatures put more stress on vehicles, making tire blowouts more common. Major flight disruptions are unlikely at regional airports, but general aviation disruptions are possible, and some airfreight carriers could reduce cargo loads. High temperatures could lead to an increased demand for electricity, which might trigger localized brownouts or blackouts, exacerbating hazardous conditions when air conditioning is no longer possible.