Ethiopia: Evacuations ongoing amid increased volcanic activity in southern Afar region as of Jan. 3

Increased volcanic activity is ongoing at Dofen Volcano in southern Afar Region as of Jan. 3. Authorities have observed a powerful jet of gas, rocks, and mud emanating from a vent at the volcano in Dulecha District of Afar Region. Volcanologists have not yet been able to confirm the exact nature of the eruptive activity at this stage; however, it is a further indication of increasing volcanic unrest that has been ongoing in the region. Multiple moderate earthquakes have been recorded in the region in recent days, including at least 11 tremors between magnitude-4.5 and magnitude-5.0 in the past 24 hours. The persistent earthquakes have caused damage in parts of Dulecha and Awash Fentale districts, with residents reporting at least 30 homes have collapsed and several other buildings have sustained damage. Local authorities have begun moving an unconfirmed number of local residents to temporary shelters due to the increased seismic and volcanic activity. Further tremors and eruptive episodes are likely in the coming days; authorities may order additional evacuations or implement other related restrictions depending on developments.

Road conditions could quickly deteriorate should a significant eruption and associated ashfall occur, and visibility could be severely reduced. Officials might close roads near the volcano depending on the presence of hazardous volcanic material. Fine particulate matter ejected from the volcano could pose a hazard to flights in the surrounding airspace; disruptions are possible if eruptive activity continues and winds direct ash clouds toward the airports.

Further volcanic activity may impact air quality in parts of central Ethiopia. Air quality could become a concern, particularly in areas near the crater following an explosive event. Individuals in the region - especially those with underlying pulmonary conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancers - may experience difficulty breathing and could suffer from lower tolerance to physical exertion.