Nigeria: Human cases of avian influenza H5N1 reported among poultry workers in Kano and Plateau March 2021

Event

Nigerian health authorities have identified seven cases of avian influenza H5N1 in the country. Seven states in Nigeria have been reporting avian influenza in poultry since March 24; however, only two states report human infections - Kanu (4 cases) and Plateau (3 cases). All seven individuals work with poultry and were, therefore, exposed to infected birds. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of avian influenza H5N1 and the risk of an outbreak among humans remains very low. This represents the most complete information available as of April 9.

Context

Avian influenza H5N1 was identified in domestic poultry in Nigeria during March 2021. The rare instances of avian influenza infection that occur among humans are usually found among poultry workers or individuals visiting wet markets where live poultry is kept and slaughtered. There is no risk of infection from consuming fully cooked poultry.

Avian influenza refers to a group of bird diseases caused by viruses that rarely spread to humans. Many different viruses cause avian influenza, one of which is A (H5N1). H5N1 likely spreads through close contact with infected birds or products from infected birds. Six of the individuals diagnosed with the virus in Nigeria were asymptomatic, while one presented with catarrh. Symptoms of avian influenza may include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

Advice

Avoid contact with wild birds and live or recently dead poultry, especially if bird flocks have experienced widespread sudden deaths. Wash hands often and routinely clean areas, surfaces, and objects that come in contact with birds, bird products, or bird droppings.