Haiti: Cholera outbreak in multiple departments, especially Ouest, through Oct. 22

Event

Haitian health authorities have reported elevated cholera activity Oct. 2-22, bringing the total case count to more than 2,240 cases, with 219 confirmed. The most impacted department is Ouest reporting 2,175 cases, followed by Centre. The current outbreak occurs at the same time as humanitarian and security challenges in Port-au-Prince and neighboring cities, which has greatly impacted health and laboratory services in affected areas. This represents the complete data available as of Oct. 26.

Context

Haiti's last notable cholera outbreak occurred in 2012 when 3,593 cases were reported due to Hurricane Sandy. Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure but can develop up to 5 days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.