Haiti: Cholera outbreak continues in multiple departments, especially Ouest, into November /update 1

Event

Haitian health authorities have reported elevated cholera activity in the country into November, with 6,017 additional suspected cases reported Oct. 23-Nov. 12, bringing the total to 8,257 suspected cases, of which 791 cases are confirmed. The most impacted department is Ouest; officials have also reported disease activity in Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord-Est, Sud, and Sud-Est departments. Additionally, health authorities had reported 155 cholera-related deaths as of Nov. 12. The current outbreak is happening against a backdrop of insecurity and civil unrest in the country which is hampering health operations and epidemiological surveillance. This information reflects the most complete data available as of Nov. 15.

Context

Haiti's last notable cholera outbreak occurred in 2012 when 3,593 cases were reported due to Hurricane Sandy. Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure but can develop up to five days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.