Italy Country Report

The Italian Republic is located in Southern Europe. It includes the two largest islands of the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy is a stable democracy and is generally safe for work and travel, although demonstrations are frequently held in response to social frustrations and can occasionally escalate into localized violence. Labor strikes often take place and are usually well publicized ahead of time. The Italian economy is the fourth largest in Europe and considered to be strong, although the country suffers from rising public debt and unemployment. Additionally, southern Italy remains economically weaker than the prosperous north. Islamist terrorism is a concern, and authorities have broken up several recruitment cells. Violent crime is not very common, but petty crime, such as pickpocketing or bag-snatching is frequently reported, especially in cities. Businesses should note that organized criminal networks have a huge presence in the economy, especially in the southern regions such as Sicily, although their activities are unlikely to impact tourists and travelers.

Italy is a member of NATO, the EU and the Schengen area.

The biggest threat to foreign travelers is from petty and opportunistic theft, particularly in major cities such as Naples and Rome. Scams are commonplace, and foreigners or tourists are often specifically targeted. There is growing concern over the threat from the Islamic State (IS), and counterterrorism efforts have resulted in the arrest of numerous individuals and the foiling of various plots. Unrest occurs periodically over various socioeconomic and political issues. Protests are typically of a low level and peaceful but have the potential to escalate into violence.

There are no significant concerns in Italy over air travel.

Roads and highways are of good quality and well maintained with extensive lighting, except for in more remote areas. However, there have been significant concerns over some of the country's infrastructure since the Morandi bridge tragedy in which 43 people died. The Morandi bridge collapsed due to problems with its design, construction, and maintenance. It was the fifth bridge collapse in five years in Italy.

Ports are relatively efficient and the ferry system is considered good.

Utilities are generally good.

There is growing concern over cyber attacks targeting government or business interests.

The climate of Italy varies throughout the country, with a moderately continental climate across much of inland Italy, a Mediterranean climate in coastal and island regions, and a mountain climate in northern Alpine regions. Temperature and precipitation levels vary across the different climate regions; however, it is generally hot and humid during this summer and relatively cold during the winter. Heavy rainfall, associated flooding, and mudslides can occur throughout the year, often disrupting travel and essential services.

Earthquakes occur occasionally, particularly in the central and southern regions. Major quakes are relatively infrequent but can be deadly when they do occur. There are several volcanoes throughout the country, both active and dormant.

The most common travel-related ailment is travelers' diarrhea. Medical facilities are available throughout the country and are of good quality in major cities. Facilities may be limited outside urban areas. Pharmacies are generally well stocked. Tap water is safe to drink.

Italy is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic. The Prime Minister is the head of government, while the President serves as the head of state. The prime minister and the cabinet together exercise executive power, while legislative power resides with a bicameral parliament consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. General elections take place at least once every five years, though elections may take place earlier in the event of government collapse.

Coalitions featuring a cross-section of political parties are typically required to form the government. Despite regular government collapses, state institutions are mostly competent and effective, and provide reliable services across most of the country.