Mauritania Country Report

Mauritania has shown signs of stabilization since transitioning to a democratic political system following a coup in 2008 but continues to face numerous socio-economic challenges, notably high unemployment and poverty. The government has actively pursued foreign investment, but instability and corruption have undermined the business climate.

The primary threats to foreign travelers are from opportunistic crime, incidental exposure to unrest as well as the presence of terrorist organizations in the region. Mauritania has made significant progress since 2010 though in reducing its terrorism threat, even as attacks by Islamist extremist groups have continued to undermine the security environment of the wider region. This is in stark contrast to the 2000s, when the country was viewed as a major rear base and recruitment ground for al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Mauritania remains one of the poorest countries in the world and has only the most rudimentary infrastructure. Outlying areas are populated primarily by nomads, with modern infrastructure being completely absent throughout large rural areas.

Mauritania has been repeatedly targeted by Islamist militant groups but the country has made significant progress in countering the terrorist threat in the region over the past several years. Opportunistic and non-violent crime is the main threat to foreign nationals, especially in areas around markets and beaches in Nouakchott. Unrest occurs intermittently, driven by long-running socio-economic grievances, demands for political reforms and tensions between the Arab and black communities.

Overland travel in Mauritania can be challenging due to varying road conditions, the presence of livestock on some stretches of highways and relative disregard for traffic rules by local motorists

Mauritania has a dry and arid climate that can pose health hazards. The country does not experience storm systems but is vulnerable to flooding during the rainy season between July and October. Unexploded ordnance and landmines pose a problem in the northern and western regions.

Malaria and a number of other insect-borne diseases are present in Mauritania. Basic medical care is available in Nouakchott but is largely absent outside of major urban centers. Pharmacies are easy to find in Nouakchott and larger cities, but access varies by region. Local pharmacies are to be used with caution, and many medicines are in short supply or may be counterfeit. Tap water is not considered safe for consumption.

There have been signs of stabilization in Mauritania since democratic elections were held in 2009 following a history of coups and dictatorships, but underlying socio-economic grievances continue to present a risk of unrest and deterioration in the political environment. Corruption is prevalent in the country.