Liberia: Lassa fever outbreak ongoing as of early September

Event

A Lassa fever outbreak is ongoing in at least four counties as of early September. According to the World Health Organization, at least 106 cases have been reported between January 1 and September 8, along with 22 associated deaths. Cases have been confirmed in Nimba, Grand Bassa, Bong, and Grand Kru counties. Officials declared a health emergency on August 30 after the disease spread out of the areas identified as the “Lassa Belt.” Health authorities have called on individuals in the affected areas to take necessary precautions and response teams are currently deployed in the region. Further spread of the disease is possible in the near term.

Context

Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic illness, is most often transmitted via the ingestion or inhalation of urine or droppings of an infected multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis). The disease can also be spread from person to person through exposure to the blood, tissue, secretions, or excretions of an individual infected with the virus, and via medical equipment that has been contaminated (e.g. reused needles). Symptoms of the disease include a slight fever, headache, general malaise, and weakness. In some cases, more serious symptoms such as hemorrhaging (e.g. gums, eyes, nose, etc.), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock may occur. Lassa fever is relatively common in West Africa.

Advice

All those present in Liberia are advised to take the necessary measures to protect themselves from Lassa fever and to avoid contact with potential carriers of the disease. Wash hands and disinfect all surfaces frequently. Drink only bottled or purified water, and eat only thoroughly cooked or peeled fruit and vegetables. All other food should be thoroughly cooked prior to consumption. Individuals who believe they may have contracted Lassa fever are advised to seek immediate medical attention.