Ethiopia: Dengue fever outbreak reported in Somali Region in 2021.

Event

Ethiopian health officials reported 207 cases of dengue fever in the Somali Region, with 160 confirmed and 47 suspected cases Jan. 1-Feb. 4 compared to no cases reported throughout 2020. The most affected area was Dollo Zone, followed by Liban. Authorities are implementing preventative initiatives. This represents the most recent data available as of Feb. 8.

Context

The last dengue fever outbreak reported in Ethiopia was in 2019 where officials reported 1,251 cases in the Afar Region. Dengue fever transmission exists year-round, nationwide; however, the risk is highest during and immediately following the rainy seasons, which typically occur June to August; the high plateau region experiences a second rainy season from December to February.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in a country with high dengue fever burden. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and/or joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten, but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated in a timely manner.

Advice

If previously infected with dengue fever, consult your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.