Nigeria: A cholera outbreak continues in several states through August /update 4

Event

Nigerian authorities have reported an additional 6,394 cholera cases Aug. 2-8 amidst an ongoing outbreak in several states. This brings the total amount of cases to 37,819 since Jan. 1 compared to less than 2,000 cases reported over a similar period in 2020. Twenty-three states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) have reported activity, with Zamfara (218 cases), Jigawa (136 cases), and Kebbi (100 cases) reporting the most cases Aug. 2-8. Overall, since the start of the outbreak, Bauchi (11,357 cases), Kano (6,197 cases), Sokoto (4,254 cases), Jigawa (3,577 cases), and Zamfara (3,113 cases) accounts for the most reported cases. This represents the most complete data available as of Aug. 17.

Context

At the nationwide level, cholera activity in Nigeria during 2021 has already surpassed the total case counts identified in 2020 and 2019, when roughly 1,800 cases and 3,500 cases were reported, respectively.

Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure but can develop up to 5 days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.