Brazil: Elevated dengue fever cases reported nationwide through May /update 5

Event

Health authorities continue to report elevated dengue fever activity across Brazil, with an additional 279,437 dengue fever cases recorded May 10-28, bringing the total case count to 1,036,505 since Jan. 1. This is a nearly three-fold increase compared to the 348,508 cases reported over a similar period in 2021. Goias is the state most at risk (2,110 cases per 100,000 population), followed by the Federal District (1,569 cases per 100,000 population) and Tocantins (1,340 cases per 100,000 population). This represents the most complete data available as of June 8.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide risk in Brazil, with an increased risk in urban and semi-urban areas. Parts of Brazil experience dengue fever transmission year-round, but the highest number of cases historically occur January-June. Brazil reported roughly 975,474 dengue fever cases in 2021 and 1,467,142 dengue fever cases during 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in a country with a high dengue fever burden. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and/or joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.