Kazakhstan: Elevated measles activity reported in multiple areas, especially Almaty, in July

Event

Kazakh health officials have reported elevated measles activity in multiple areas, with 2,694 confirmed cases reported Jan. 1-July 27. This is compared to the 10 cases reported nationwide in Kazakhstan in 2022. Almaty is the most affected, accounting for over 40 percent of the total case count. Other areas reporting high disease activity includes the Zhambyl Region, Atyrau Region, Astana City, and Shymkent City. Kazakh health officials have urged the public to get their measles vaccinations up to date to prevent disease transmission. This report represents the most complete data available as of July 28.

Context

Measles vaccination coverage in Kazakhstan was estimated at 97 percent in 2021, which is above the 92-95 percent required to prevent wider community transmission. However, over 80 percent of the cases in this outbreak were unvaccinated. Kazakhstan reported roughly 10 measles cases nationwide in 2022, two cases in 2021, and 3,270 cases in 2020.

Measles is a very contagious viral disease that spreads through respiratory droplets created when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Infected individuals can also expose people around them by contaminating surfaces with secretions from the nose, mouth, and throat. Symptoms typically appear 7-14 days after exposure, but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a red rash that begins on the face and spreads downward. Serious complications - including pneumonia - can occur, especially in children younger than five years old, adults older than 20 years old, and individuals with a weakened immune system.

Advice

Visit a doctor to ensure vaccination against measles or immunity through previous infection. Practice basic health precautions. Call your medical provider if symptoms develop within three weeks of being in affected areas.