Peru: Activists plan nationwide demonstrations July 27-29 to denounce Boluarte government /update 42

Event

Activists affiliated with a variety of groups, including the General Confederation of Peruvian Workers (General de Trabajadores del Peru, CGTP) plan to hold three days of demonstrations across Peru July 27-29 to demand the resignation of President Dina Boluarte.

A renewal of demonstrations took place across the country in what protest leaders termed the "the Third Takeover of Lima," a series of actions in which protesters marched to Lima and held major demonstrations in the capital and other parts of Peru. Although July 19 was the main date planned for the event, additional demonstrations have occurred throughout late July; these protests have led to road blockades, clashes with security forces, police use of tear gas, and several injuries and arrests of activists.

Peruvian authorities are maintaining a state of emergency in Puno Department until at least Aug. 4 and in La Libertad Department through at least Aug. 18. In Puno Department, officials have given the military direct command of all security operations.Under the state of emergency declarations, some constitutional rights are suspended, such as the right to be free from warrantless searches, the right to free transit, and the right to free association. The declarations also allow the armed forces to assist the police in law-enforcement activities such as policing protests.

A comparable state of emergency is in force for several highways across Peru through at least Aug. 12. The decree, which went into effect July 13, expands a previous directive that covered the South-Apurimac-Cusco-Arequipa Highway Corridor and the South Interoceanic Highway Corridor to include the following national highways:

• Pan-American Highway North (Highway 1A)

• Pan-American Highway South (Highway 1B)

• Central Highway (Highway 22)

• Route of the Liberators (Via Los Libertadores, Highway 28A)

• Fernando Belaunde Terry Highway and Federico Basadre Highway (Jungle Road North, Highway 3N)

• Binational Highway from Puno to Tacna

The decree also declares all departmental and regional highways to be under a state of emergency. The mandate includes all areas within 0.5 km (0.3 miles) of such routes. Emergency measures may apply to other highways.

Protests are likely in major cities in these regions in other locations nationwide. Within Lima, previous gatherings occurred in the main squares, such as Plaza San Martin and Plaza Dos de Mayo, and on Avenida Abancay; these areas will likely see renewed demonstrations beginning July 27. Additional protests are possible elsewhere in the city.

Heightened security and associated business and transport disruptions are likely during demonstrations. Further clashes between protesters and police, as well as between supporters of rival political parties, are possible.

Context

Unrest began shortly after the Dec. 7 arrest and removal from office of then-President Pedro Castillo, who was ousted just hours after he announced that he would illegally dissolve Congress, establish a new emergency government, and implement a nationwide curfew. Following the president's arrest, Vice President Dina Boluarte was sworn in as the new president, nullifying Castillo's earlier announcement.

While Boluarte is permitted to remain in office until 2026, when Castillo's term was due to end, she has called for elections in 2023 to appease demonstrators. However, Congress has repeatedly rejected proposals to hold early elections this year, further angering protesters. Meanwhile, Castillo has released statements in which he refuses to recognize Boluarte's presidency, insisting he is still legally president. In response, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Honduras, and Mexico issued statements recognizing Castillo as the legitimate president of Peru, causing Peru to recall its ambassadors to those countries and expel the Mexican ambassador. A judge ordered Castillo to be jailed for up to 36 months as prosecutors build a case against him.

Protests were particularly violent in Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cusco, and Puno departments over December 2022-January 2023; at least 60 people died in the unrest.

Advice

Avoid all protests as a precaution. If violence occurs, immediately leave the area and seek shelter in a secure, nongovernmental building. Do not attempt to navigate around roadblocks; wait for the police to dismantle them or take alternative routes. Reconfirm all transport reservations. Heed the instructions of security personnel. Maintain contact with diplomatic representations.