Colombia: Elevated dengue fever activity reported across multiple areas through August /update 4

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity across multiple areas, with an additional 15,561 cases reported July 9-Aug. 20, bringing the total case count to more than 70,260 since Jan. 1. This is 1.6 times higher than the 41,449 cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Departments reporting more than 230 dengue fever cases per 100,000 population are most at risk: Amazonas, Vaupes, Meta, Guaviare, Tolima, Caqueta, Putumayo, Cundinamarca, Casanare, and Arauca. The Colombian National Institute of Health has highlighted the importance of taking preventative actions in affected departments to reduce the presence of mosquitoes and providing information related to identifying the disease to improve surveillance efforts. This represents the most complete information available as of Aug. 31.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide, year-round threat in Colombia, however, transmission is typically highest May-November during and immediately following the rainy season. Colombia reported roughly 69,497 dengue fever cases nationwide in 2022, 53,334 cases in 2021, and 78,979 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.