India: Further farmers' protests likely across Punjab State through at least early November /update 3

Farmers' unions and related groups will likely continue their series of statewide protest campaigns in Punjab through at least early November. The purpose of these actions is to denounce the alleged delays in crop procurement policies and address other perceived grievances. As of Oct. 25, organizers have announced the following details:

• Oct. 26: Participants will launch an indefinite "Farmers' Movement" (Kisan Andolan) protest campaign across the state. As part of their action, road blockades will occur in several areas, including Batala, Doaba, Majha, Malwa, Moga, Phagwara, and Sangrur.

• Oct. 29: Activists will stage sit-in protests outside the Deputy Commissioners' offices from 11:00-15:00 Oct. 29.

Additional demonstrations of varying types, including marches and further road and rail blockades, are likely to occur on the announced dates and on other days over the coming weeks. Potential gathering sites include lawmakers' offices and residences, government buildings, public squares, transportation hubs, and thoroughfares, including interstate highways. The highest participation is expected in the Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Sangrur districts.

Authorities will almost certainly monitor any such gatherings. Officials may implement enhanced security measures, including security cordons, gathering bans, and temporary public movement restrictions to prevent or quell overly disruptive protests. Clashes between activists and police cannot be ruled out, especially if demonstrators attempt to breach security cordons around government buildings. Transport disruptions are particularly likely during vehicle processions, street marches, and rail or road blockades in urban centers. Localized business disruptions may occur during any shutdown strike calls, although significant disruptions to urban areas or the operations of multinational corporations are unlikely.