India: Severe air pollution continues in National Capital Region as of Nov. 18

Severe air pollution continues to impact India's National Capital Region (NCR). As of Nov. 18, the government's System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR) recorded "severe" air quality levels, the highest ranking on a six-point scale, at many reading stations in the Delhi area. Authorities have prohibited nonessential trucks and nonelectric light commercial vehicles from entering Delhi. Primary schools in Delhi will remain closed, while classes for students in grades 6-9 and 11 will transition to online learning. In-person classes will continue for students in grades 10 and 12. Government, municipal, and private offices will operate at 50 percent capacity, with the remaining employees working from home. The local authorities have also announced plans to sprinkle water with dust suppressants on roads and deploy mechanized sweeping to reduce dust.

Authorities have advised vulnerable groups to avoid all outdoor physical activities and to keep relief medicine handy if asthmatic. All other residents are advised to stop outdoor activities in the early morning and after sunset and to avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. If indoors, windows should be closed.

The air pollution is forecast to persist through at least Nov. 25. Regional air quality conditions may fluctuate due to various wind patterns and intermittent rains, though extended periods of severe pollution are likely through at least mid-February.

Pollution may cause transportation and commercial disruptions. Controls may be imposed, including a complete lockdown, in the coming days and possibly weeks. When pollution worsens, authorities in the NCR may restrict private vehicular movement, with only even-numbered four-wheeled vehicles allowed on roads for limited hours on even dates and vice versa. Exemptions are usually given for two-wheel vehicles, transport vehicles, and those carrying children, women, and emergency personnel. Significant shipping disruptions are unlikely, though authorities could impose heavy vehicle restrictions at a later date. Low visibility could prompt regional road and rail travel delays. Reduced visibility may also prompt flight disruptions at Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL). Cancellations and delays impacted multiple flights at the airport Nov. 12-13. Commercial disruptions are possible, as workers and consumers may avoid nonessential outdoor exposure; authorities may also declare holidays.