India: Restrictions in place in National Capital Region as of Dec. 18 due to severe air pollution

Restrictions have been implemented in India's National Capital Region (NCR) as of Dec. 18 due to severe air pollution. The government's System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR) has recorded "severe" air quality levels, the highest ranking on a six-point scale, at many reading stations in the Delhi area since Dec. 16. Authorities have enforced Stage IV (the highest stage) of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) to tackle air pollution levels. Under the restrictions, nonessential trucks and nonelectric light commercial vehicles are prohibited from entering Delhi. Classes for students in primary school and those in grades 6-9 and 11 will transition to online learning; in-person classes will continue for students in grades 10 and 12. Government, municipal, and private offices are requested to allow 50 percent of employees to work from home. All construction and demolition activities are banned. Authorities have urged people, especially children and the elderly, to stay indoors as much as possible, while doctors recommend wearing a mask.

The region's air quality is forecast to remain severe through at least Dec. 19 and will likely be very poor to poor through at least Dec. 25. Regional air quality conditions may fluctuate due to various wind patterns and intermittent rains, though extended periods of severe pollution are likely through at least mid-February.

Pollution may cause transport disruptions. Commercial disruptions are also possible, as workers and consumers may avoid nonessential outdoor exposure; authorities may also declare holidays. Controls may be imposed, including a complete lockdown, in the coming days and possibly weeks. When pollution worsens, authorities in the NCR may restrict private vehicular movement, with only even-numbered four-wheeled vehicles allowed on roads for limited hours on even dates and vice versa. Exemptions are usually given for two-wheel vehicles, transport vehicles, and those carrying children, women, and emergency personnel. Supply chain disruptions are likely due to restrictions placed on heavy-goods vehicles. Low visibility could prompt regional road and rail travel delays. Reduced visibility may also prompt flight disruptions at Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL).