Liberia: Three fatal cases of Lassa fever reported since March 1

Event

According to Liberian health officials as of March 17, three fatal cases of Lassa fever have been reported in the country since March 1. Affected areas include Gbarnga and Monrovia. According to local sources, a total of 28 cases of Lassa fever, including 12 deaths, have been reported in 2018; a further 109 suspected cases are also under investigation. Authorities have reportedly implemented public health measures to hinder further spread of the disease.

Context

Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic illness, is most often transmitted via the ingestion or inhalation of urine or droppings of an infected "multimammate rat" (Mastomys natalensis). The disease can also be spread from person to person through exposure to the blood, tissue, secretions, or excretions of an individual infected with the virus, and via medical equipment that has been contaminated (e.g. reused needles). Symptoms of the disease include a slight fever, headache, general malaise, and weakness. In some cases, more serious symptoms such as hemorrhaging (e.g. gums, eyes, nose, etc.), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock may occur. Lassa fever is relatively common in West Africa.

Advice

All those present in Liberia are advised to take the necessary measures to protect themselves from Lassa fever and to avoid contact with potential carriers of the disease. Wash hands and disinfect all surfaces frequently. Drink only bottled or purified water, and eat only thoroughly cooked or peeled fruit and vegetables. All other food should be thoroughly cooked prior to consumption. Individuals who believe they may have contracted Lassa fever are advised to seek immediate medical attention.