Brazil: Elevated dengue fever cases reported nationwide through April /update 3

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity nationwide, with 393,967 dengue fever cases recorded from Jan. 1-April 10. This is more than double the roughly 178,363 cases reported over a similar period in 2021. Sao Paulo is the most affected state (89,164 cases), followed by Goias (80,495 cases) and Minas Gerais (25,591 cases). This represents the most complete data available as of April 19.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide risk in Brazil, with an increased risk in urban and semi-urban areas. Parts of Brazil experience dengue fever transmission year-round, but the highest number of cases historically occur January-June. Brazil reported roughly 975,474 dengue fever cases in 2021 and 1,467,142 dengue fever cases during 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in a country with a high dengue fever burden. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and/or joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.