10 Jun 2022 | 11:58 PM UTC
North America: Monkeypox reported in Montreal, Toronto; additional US states and Mexico City report suspected cases during June /update 3
Monkeypox cases reported in southern Canada, Mexico City, and new areas of the US during June. Maintain basic health precautions.
Event
Public health officials continue to report cases of monkeypox in certain areas of Canada, Mexico, and the US in June; ongoing disease transmission within Canada and the US has been confirmed. The single case in Mexico City was imported from the US; there is no indication of ongoing disease transmission within Mexico.
According to data through June 10, Canadian authorities report 138 suspected cases in Montreal and Toronto, including 116 confirmed cases. The US reports 51 suspected cases across several states, including 47 confirmed, with the states of California and New York reporting the majority of infections. Granular locations within US states are provided where possible. Mexico reported a single confirmed case in Mexico City in late May. This represents the most updated information as of June 10.
Additional cases and new locations within these countries will likely be identified in the coming weeks as disease surveillance and contact tracing continue.
Context
Many of the cases in this widespread outbreak report attending one or more recent mass gatherings in Antwerp, Belgium, as well as Madrid and Gran Canaria in Spain, or reported recent close contact with an attendee; mass gatherings always present an elevated infectious disease risk. Human-to-human transmission occurs among people in close physical contact; the current outbreak highlights the importance of vigilant safe sexual practices and suggests monkeypox can be transmitted while the infected person displays few or no symptoms.
Monkeypox does not naturally occur in North America; most cases are reported in West and Central Africa, primarily in the DRC, Nigeria, and Cameroon, among individuals who report contact with wild primates or other mammals that may harbor the disease.
Monkeypox is caused by a virus that belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. However, monkeypox is not the same as smallpox, and it does not have the same capacity for rapid human-to-human transmission. Monkeypox is mainly transmitted to humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected rodents or primates. Human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through close personal contact with an infected individual via respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids, or indirect contact with lesion material (e.g., contaminated clothing or bedding). Symptoms typically appear 6-16 days after exposure but can develop up to 21 days after exposure. Symptoms generally include fever, headache, muscle aches and backaches, swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion, and a distinctive rash characterized by lesions that progress through several stages before falling off.
Advice
Practice basic health precautions, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, covering the nose and mouth when coughing, and avoiding obviously ill individuals. Avoid overcrowded areas, such as nightclubs, and consider exercising safe sexual practices, such as physical barriers (condoms) in countries reporting monkeypox transmission. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas, especially if you have had one or more new sexual partners.
