Iran: Fears of possible Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak

Event

Iranian health officials have expressed fears of a possible outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) as of early May following the confirmation of at least four CCHF cases, including one death, in recent weeks. According to local sources, the cases were reported in Kerman and Fars provinces.

Context

CCHF is a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) of the Bunyaviridae family. It has a fatality rate of 10 to 40 percent and is usually transmitted to people from ticks and infected livestock animals. Human-to-human transmission is also possible, and primarily occurs via close contact with the blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids of an infected person. Symptoms include headache, high fever, back pain, joint pain, stomach pain, and vomiting. Red eyes, a flushed face, a red throat, and petechiae (red spots) on the palate are common. There is no vaccine available.

Advice

Individuals in Iran are advised to take measures against ticks (e.g. by wearing covering clothing and using insect repellent). Avoid close contact with livestock animals or with infected individuals.