Colombia: Elevated dengue fever activity across Colombia through November

Event

Authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity in Colombia, with 35,647 cases reported between Jan. 1-Oct. 31. Weekly reported cases during October have nearly doubled when compared to a similar period in 2020. Elevated disease activity is likely to continue through 2022. Most cases were reported in Bolivar, Atlantic, and North Santander Departments. This represents the most complete data available as of Nov. 16.

Context

Dengue fever in Colombia is a year-round and nationwide threat, with the highest risk from May-November during and immediately following the rainy season. Colombia identified 78,979 cases in 2020, 127,553 cases in 2019, and 44,825 during 2018. The risk of infection is highest in urban and semi-urban areas.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in a country with a high dengue fever burden. Infected mosquito bites transmit dengue fever. Symptoms of the disease include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and/or joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.