Sri Lanka: Authorities impose nationwide state of emergency in response to ongoing protests April 1 /update 5

Event

The government of Sri Lanka declared a nationwide state of emergency effective April 1 in response to an ongoing spate of unrest stemming from the nation's economic crisis. Authorities have also imposed a new curfew in Western Province, which includes the capital city, Colombo, through at least 06:00 April 2. The move follows violent demonstrations that erupted near President Gotabaya Rajapaksa's residence in Colombo March 31. Further curfews and other restrictions are possible if the current situation persists.

Demonstrations by civil, political, and labor groups over economic issues will continue in the coming weeks. The Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) party plans to hold rallies nationwide April 7; however, other opposition parties will almost certainly organize their own gatherings. Activists typically hold sit-ins and roadblocks near fuel stations, government buildings, and public squares, as well as along major roadways. Government employees from various sectors such as transport and healthcare have also held strikes and rallies over labor issues in recent weeks.

Authorities will almost certainly maintain a heightened security posture until the wave of protests abates. Localized transport disruptions and a heavy police presence are likely near any large demonstrations that may materialize. Protests could turn violent quickly, though security forces are usually quick to resort to the use of force to disperse unruly gatherings. Businesses in areas experiencing violent protests and/or heightened security measures could close temporarily as a precaution. Power outages and fuel shortages will likely continue interrupting business operations in the medium term, potentially prompting further disruptions and protests.

Context

Various groups have held protests in Sri Lanka in recent weeks to denounce worsening economic conditions and the government's response to the situation. A lack of foreign reserves to service external payments has caused an economic crisis, with worsening shortages of essential goods such as food, fuel, and medications. Fuel shortages and power outages have, in turn, disrupted water supply, freight and passenger transport, and internet services. The largest protests have occurred in Colombo; popular protest locations include the Fort area, the Nelum Pokuna Theater, and major roadways connecting the Sri Lankan capital to other cities.

Advice

Avoid all protests due to the potential violence. Do not attempt to cross protester road blocks; wait for police to clear them before proceeding. If clashes break out, leave the area immediately and take shelter in a secure, nongovernmental building. Allow additional travel time in Colombo and other urban centers through at least late April. Plan for long queues to obtain essential items; ensure contingency plans account for the continued access to essential goods and services. Confirm business and medical appointments, deliveries, road status, and transport reservations in advance. Adhere to all instructions issued by local authorities, including curfew orders.