Eswatini: Further unrest is possible nationwide at least through November

Event

Further nationwide anti-government civil unrest and violence linked to the pro-democracy movement are possible nationwide through November. Various anti-government protests by students, police forces, and trade unions have been organized in recent months to demand better working conditions and pro-democracy reforms. In response, authorities have increased security and deployed armed forces at recent protests, with reports of casualties from ensuing clashes. The government is reportedly preparing a "national dialogue" to defuse the crisis, though its commencement date remains unclear.

Authorities will almost certainly maintain an increased level of security nationwide, which may include the deployment of checkpoints, increased patrolling near urban centers, and implementation of curfews. In the event of protests, clashes are likely. Security-related operations could result in localized ground transport disruptions.

Context

Current tensions began early November when police forces entered the Prime Minister's private estate near Mbabane to demand pay rises. On Nov. 7, religious pro-democracy leaders submitted a petition to Parliament to reform the constitution. On Nov. 10, transport trade unions went on strike over the imprisonment of colleagues in Manzini; soldiers reportedly fired live rounds at protestors in Manzini Nov. 10.

Additionally, a group called the Swaziland International Solidarity Forces (SISF) reportedly committed a series of attacks targeting police outposts, trucks, food stores, and government buildings overnight Nov. 7-8. Some assets were linked to King Mswati III. Chief Prince Mahloma of Zandondo, a relative of the King, and an on-duty Royal Guard, were also killed by suspected SISF militants on Nov. 5.

This is the second wave of major political instability in two years in Eswatini. In June and Oct. 2021, several waves of protests caused a reported 80 fatalities and over 200 injuries. Demonstrators were calling for pro-democracy reforms.

Advice

Exercise caution while operating in Eswatini. Exercise caution near police offices, and government buildings. Avoid all protests. If clashes break out, leave the area immediately and take shelter in a secure, nongovernmental building. Monitor local news for updates on possible curfews, or for information on road conditions, as protestors may not announce actions in advance. Heed the advice of local authorities. In the event of police checkpoints, do not attempt to bypass security without authorities' permission.