Sudan: Elevated dengue fever activity reported nationwide, especially in North Kordofan, through early December

Event

Authorities in Sudan have reported elevated dengue fever (DF) activity nationwide, with more than 4,100 cases (516 confirmed) reported Oct. 26-Nov. 30. This is compared to 229 confirmed cases reported over a similar period in 2021. The epicenter is North Kordofan which has reported 393 cases. Other states reporting DF cases include Kassala, North, South, and West Darfur, North, South, and West Kordofan, Red Sea, and West Nile. This represents the most complete information available as of Dec. 2.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide and year-round threat in Sudan; however, transmission is typically highest July-September following the rainy season when environmental conditions are ideal for mosquito breeding.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease