DRC: Clashes between M23 rebels and security forces likely to persist in North Kivu Province through at least mid-February

Event

Fighting between the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and suspected members of the M23 rebel group is likely to persist through at least late February in North Kivu Province. Clashes continued Jan. 22-26, with M23 rebels reportedly taking control of Kitshanga town, Masisi Territory, Jan. 26. Kitshanga town lies on a strategic route between Goma and Butembo; traffic is reportedly suspended near Burungu, south of Kitchanga, between Sake and Butembo since Jan. 25 . Reports indicate that the situation remains calm in Nyiragongo territory, and relative calm is observed in Ruthsuru territory, specifically on the Kiwanja-Katwiguru road, and in Kiseguru and Nyamilima where clashes between rebels and armed forces have occurred regularly.

The fresh clashes come after the M23 was required to withdraw from the territories it occupies under the terms of regional mediation efforts. The M23 rebels previously announced that they had withdrawn from Kibumba, a town located about 20 km (12 miles) from Goma, Dec. 23. As of Jan. 27, reports indicate rebels remain stationed in most parts of the area. The M23 has also officially withdrawn from Rumangabo on Jan. 6, although they reportedly remain active around the area.

Heightened security is almost certain in the affected area in the coming weeks. Further violence is also likely. Officials could implement movement-restrictive measures. Locals may stage further protests in the region, including Goma, to denounce the perceived inaction of security forces. Such demonstrations have been frequent in recent weeks.

Context

Since November 2021, the M23 rebel group has increased attacks targeting armed forces in the eastern DRC, while tensions have increased between Rwanda and the DRC. In June, the M23 captured the town of Bunagana in the Rutshuru Territory and began marching toward Goma. Rebels took control of several localities along the strategic road connecting Butembo and Goma. More recently, rebels took control of the Kisharo the Nyamilima area Jan. 4.

The M23 is seeking to pressure the government to honor a peace agreement signed in 2013, which allows the reintegration of the armed forces into society, among other issues. In April, the group took part in a truce with the government; however, it did not attend peace talks launched between the government and armed groups in Kenya.

On Nov. 25, leaders of the East African Community (EAC) agreed on a cessation of hostilities in eastern DRC. Although the ceasefire conditions include the withdrawal of M23 rebels from occupied territories and their disarmament, the continued deployment of the EAC regional force, and the resumption of dialogue between the DRC and Rwanda, M23 rebels have continued their attacks in the eastern DRC. The M23 has repeatedly asked for direct dialogue with DRC, which has so far refused.

Advice

Consider deferring nonessential travel to conflict-affected areas in eastern DRC until the situation stabilizes. Maintain contact with diplomatic missions. Consult local security partners on the viability of traveling in and around the impacted locations. Travel in convoy and during daylight hours only. Adhere to directives issued by local authorities. Reconfirm the status of public transportation, road routes and border crossings before departure.