Costa Rica: Elevated dengue fever activity reported across multiple areas through September

Event

International health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity across multiple areas in Costa Rica, with 8,261 cases reported Jan. 1-Aug. 26. This is compared to the 4,780 cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Provinces with cantons reporting the highest disease activity include Limon, Heredia, and Puntarenas Provinces. Sarapiqui (964 cases) is the most affected canton, followed by Siquirres (732 cases), Pococi (682 cases), Puntarenas (625 cases), Talamanca (566 cases), and Limon (556 cases). Local health authorities have implemented different prevention measures, including fumigation campaigns, tire collection, and interventions in priority areas. This represents the most complete information available as of Sept. 11.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide, year-round risk in Costa Rica, with risk of infection typically highest May-October in urban and coastal areas. Costa Rica reported 7,485 dengue fever cases nationwide in 2022, 5,174 cases in 2021, and 10,056 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.