Guatemala: Elevated dengue fever activity reported nationwide, especially Zacapa, through September

Event

Health authorities have reported elevated dengue fever activity nationwide in Guatemala, with more than 12,260 suspected cases reported Jan. 1-Aug. 19. This is 2.5 times higher than the 4,869 cases reported over a similar period in 2022. Departments reporting more than 150 dengue fever cases per 100,000 population include Zacapa (309.5 cases per 100,000 population), Chiquimula (309.2 cases), Peten Sur Oriental (254.7 cases), Escuintla (195.6 cases), Quetzaltenango (169.3 cases), Baja Verapaz (150.3 cases), Sacatepequez (113.8 cases), Peten Norte (103.8 cases), and Jutiapa (100.4 cases). Local health officials have implemented fumigation and cleaning activities to eliminate mosquito breeding sites in affected departments. This represents the most complete information available as of Sept. 1.

Context

Dengue fever is a nationwide, year-round threat in Guatemala; however, transmission is typically highest May-December. Health officials reported roughly 8,407 dengue fever cases nationwide in Guatemala in 2022, 2,861 cases in 2021, and 5,983 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in countries with high dengue fever burdens. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: a severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated promptly.

Advice

If you have previously been infected with dengue fever, consult with your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.