Sudan: Elevated cholera activity reported in Al Qadarif State through early October

Event

Sudanese health authorities have declared a cholera outbreak in Al Qadarif State, with more than 260 suspected cases (4 confirmed cases) reported as of Sept. 25. Suspected cholera cases have also been registered in Khartoum and South Kordofan states, however, the limited access and inability to send samples to laboratories prevents authorities from confirming the outbreak in these states. Surveillance is ongoing in affected and high-risk areas, and the WHO has deployed rapid response teams to the affected areas. This report represents the most complete data available as of Oct. 2.

Context

Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear two or three days after exposure but can develop up to five days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider regarding cholera vaccination before traveling to the country. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in areas of high cholera transmission.