Sudan: Elevated cholera activity reported in multiple areas through October /update 1

Event

Sudanese health authorities have reported elevated cholera activity in multiple areas, with 1,457 suspected cases (30 confirmed cases) reported Sept. 25-Oct. 17. Four states have reported disease activity including Al Qadarif, Aj Jazirah, Khartoum, and South Kordofan. Surveillance is ongoing in affected and high-risk areas to identify and address risk factors. Local health authorities are coordinating efforts to scale up access to clean water and sanitation facilities in affected areas. This report represents the most complete data available as of Oct. 23.

Context

Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear two or three days after exposure but can develop up to five days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.

Advice

Consult a travel medicine provider regarding cholera vaccination before traveling to the country. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in areas of high cholera transmission.