05 Sep 2024 | 09:06 AM UTC
Sudan: Elevated cholera activity reported in multiple states, especially Kassala, in early September /update 1
Elevated cholera activity reported in multiple states in Sudan in early September. Kassala is most affected. Use food and water precautions.
Health officials have reported elevated cholera activity in multiple states in Sudan, with an additional 2,237 cases reported Aug. 23-Sept. 1, bringing the total to 2,895 cases since July 22. This is compared to roughly 500 cases reported over a similar period in 2023. Five of Sudan’s 18 states are reporting disease activity, with Kassala (1,703 cases) being the most affected, followed by Gedaref (699 cases), River Nile (408 cases), Al Jazirah (65 cases), and Khartoum (20 cases). The WHO and UN Refugee Agency are working closely with Sudan’s Ministry of Health to coordinate the response to the cholera outbreak. Initiatives include working with health partners to strengthen surveillance, early warning systems, and contact tracing in affected locations. This report represents the most up-to-date information as of Sept. 5.
Consult a travel medicine provider before departure regarding cholera vaccination. Practice strict food and water precautions. Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop within a week of being in affected areas.
Sudan’s Ministry of Health officially declared a cholera outbreak in Kassala and other states on Aug. 12. According to the WHO, the current outbreak is not linked to the previous cholera outbreak declared in Sudan in September 2023. In addition to this new cholera outbreak, Sudan is currently facing outbreaks of dengue fever, malaria, measles, meningitis, and polio.
Cholera is transmitted directly through food or water contaminated with fecal material from an infected person. Most infected people develop no symptoms or only mild diarrhea. However, approximately one in 10 infected people develop severe cholera, which causes symptoms including profuse, watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, restlessness, or irritability. Symptoms typically appear 2-3 days after exposure, but can develop up to 5 days after exposure. Individuals with severe cholera can develop acute renal failure, severe electrolyte imbalances, and coma. If left untreated, these can lead to shock and rapid death.
