Africa: Annual rainy season to occur across parts of central regions through May

Central Africa's annual rainy season will run through May, bringing an elevated potential for flooding, landslides, and mudslides regionwide. The affected area includes the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Sao Tome and Principe.

Heavy downpours, flooding, and landslides could affect business, transport, and utility services in many areas. Localized disruptions could persist well after hazardous events have concluded; floodwaters may take days to subside, and debris from mudslides may take weeks to be cleared. Rural communities and informal settlements often sustain the most significant damage and casualties during such events due to poor infrastructure.

The risk of flooding is highest in low-lying communities near watercourses in recognized floodplains. Central Africa has several major rivers and lakes, including the Congo, Mbomou, Tshuapa, and Uele rivers, as well as Lake Albert, Lake Edward, Lake Kivu, and Lake Tanganyika, that could flood during periods of intense rainfall. Flash floods, which can occur with little to no warning, often threaten communities downstream of major rivers or dams in the event of infrastructure failure. Urban flooding is possible in areas with poorly maintained or inadequate drainage systems, while storm surges may trigger flooding in coastal areas. Landslides and mudslides are possible in hilly and mountainous areas.

Floodwaters and debris flows may render some bridges, rail networks, or roadways impassable, limiting overland travel in and around affected areas. These effects will be especially pronounced in rural areas, where infrastructure is already of a poor standard. Ponding on road surfaces could cause hazardous driving conditions on regional highways. Authorities could temporarily close low-lying routes that become inundated by floodwaters.

Severe weather could trigger flight delays and cancellations at domestic and international airports. Authorities may temporarily suspend port operations or close beaches if strong winds trigger hazardous sea conditions. Flooding could block regional rail lines; freight and passenger train delays and cancellations are likely in areas with heavy rainfall and potential track inundation. Localized business disruptions may occur; some businesses may not operate at full capacity because of flood damage to facilities, possible evacuations, and some employees' inability to reach work sites.

The threat of disease outbreaks is elevated during the rainy season. Backflow from drains that have mixed with floodwaters can become trapped in open areas when inundations recede. These stagnant pools often become breeding grounds for mosquitoes and bacteria, increasing the incidence of insect- and waterborne diseases. Exposure to contaminated water from inundated industrial sites, sewer systems, and septic tanks also poses a significant health threat.