Central America: COVID-19 transmission continues across Central America through October 2020. /update 5

Event

Several countries and territories in Central America continue to report coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains a "Warning Level-3" travel health notice, the highest of three levels, that indicates authorities recommend avoiding nonessential travel due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. According to data through Nov. 8 from the WHO, the following countries and territories in Central America have identified confirmed COVID-19 cases:

Community transmission:

• Panama: 137,760 cases*

• Costa Rica: 115,417 cases*

• Guatemala: 110,050 cases

• Honduras: 99,576 cases

• El Salvador: 35,145 cases

• Nicaragua: 4,480 cases

• Belize: 4,016 cases*

*As of Nov. 8 disease activity in the country is increasing.

Context

Additional cases may be added to this list at any time as disease surveillance and testing continues.

COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Human-to-human transmission does occur, primarily through respiratory droplets from infected individuals or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. Symptoms occur 1-14 days following exposure (average of 3-7 days). These symptoms typically include fever, fatigue, and dry cough; less common symptoms include headache, diarrhea, loss of taste or smell, reddening of the eyes, skin rash, or discoloration of the fingers or toes. Symptoms may worsen to difficulty breathing, pneumonia, and organ failure - especially in those with underlying, chronic medical conditions. Some infected individuals display no symptoms.

Older individuals and people of any age with chronic medical conditions or compromised immunity should consider postponing nonessential travel, including domestic travel, and take special precautions to avoid becoming ill, especially where sustained community transmission of COVID-19 is ongoing. All individuals should monitor their health and limit interactions with others for 14 days after returning from travel.

Advice

Emphasize basic health precautions, especially frequent handwashing with soap and water, or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are unavailable. Practice good coughing/sneezing etiquette (i.e., covering coughs and sneezes with a disposable tissue, maintaining distance from others, and washing hands). There is no evidence that the influenza vaccine, antibiotics, or antiviral medications will prevent this disease, highlighting the importance of diligent basic health precautions.

Resources

WHO coronavirus knowledge base
WHO: Public health considerations while resuming international travel
US CDC: Guidance for Businesses and Workplaces
US CDC: Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Communities
Mental Health Considerations during COVID-19 Outbreak
US CDC: Manage Anxiety and Stress