Ukraine: Russian military offensive ongoing as of Feb. 27; clashes reported in Kharkiv /update 10

Event

The Russian military offensive against Ukraine is continuing as of Feb. 27. Clashes between Russian and Ukrainian forces have been reported on the outskirts of Kyiv and Kharkiv. In Kyiv, clashes overnight Feb. 26/27 were of a lower intensity than overnight Feb. 25/26. Fighting in the vicinity of Ukraine's southern cities, including Mykolaiv, Kherson, Berdyansk, Henichesk, Melitopol, and Mariupol, also persists Feb. 27. Ukrainian authorities have also closed the country's border checkpoints with Russia and Belarus, stating that only Ukrainian citizens will be allowed entry from these two countries.

Military Developments
Fighting continues on multiple fronts across Ukraine, including near the line of contact in the Donbas, near Kyiv, in the country's northeast, and in regions north of Crimea. Missile and artillery strikes continue to be reported in multiple areas. Russian authorities assert that they are only targeting military infrastructure; however, Ukrainian officials have reported multiple civilian casualties. Greek officials indicated, Feb. 26, that 10 Greek expatriates nationals had been killed and six injured by Russian airstrikes near Mariupol.

Martial Law, Curfews, Disruptions
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has declared martial law and ordered a nationwide general military mobilization. Male citizens aged 18-60 are prohibited from leaving the country. All foreign nationals, however, remain free to depart. Borders remain open, but authorities prohibit strikes, rallies, and mass events. Under martial law, the government can implement special border controls, impose curfews, and evacuate residents from dangerous areas, if necessary.

Curfews have been imposed in multiple regions, including Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv, Poltava, Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Zaporizhzhia, Chernihiv, and Cherkasy. Curfew hours are 22:00-05:00 in Odesa and 22:00-06:00 in all other regions, except Kyiv where the curfew runs from 17:00 Feb. 26-08:00 Feb. 28. Civilians must stay indoors during curfew hours; exemptions are in place for persons seeking urgent medical care and workers in critical infrastructure. Public transport is unavailable during curfew hours.

Queues at ATMs, supermarkets, and petrol stations will likely persist, as will significant traffic congestion on major roads leaving conflict-impacted cities. Road travel disruptions are being reported at borders in Ukraine's west as thousands of civilians flee the conflict. Delays at border crossings into neighboring states are significant.

Critical Infrastructure
Long-distance rail services to Kharkiv remain suspended. Metro services in Kyiv have also ceased as many stations are being used as bomb shelters. Ukrainian Railways (UZ) services may be subject to disruptions with little warning. Large crowds have been reported at some operational stations. UZ is also operating evacuation trains from the Luhansk, Donetsk, and Odesa regions. Rail transport to/from Slovakia has been suspended.

Civilian aviation is suspended in Ukraine, and the nation's seaports are closed. Russia has suspended flights at domestic airports near its border with Ukraine through March 2 and has temporarily stopped commercial shipping in the Sea of Azov.

Intermittent telecommunication and internet disruptions have been reported across the country as of Feb. 26. The National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) has banned the withdrawal of foreign currency cash from accounts and has limited the permitted cash withdrawal to UAH 100,000 (3,340 USD) per day. The bank has also suspended cross-border currency payments and the replenishment of electronic wallets.

Context

According to Russian President Vladimir Putin, the military action will seek to "demilitarize" Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Kremlin's ultimate territorial objectives remain unclear. However, Moscow formally recognized the breakaway Donestk and Luhansk oblasts in the eastern Donbas region Feb. 21 and supported their claims to the entirety of those two provinces. As a result, Russia will likely attempt to seize control of Ukrainian-held towns in the Donbas region, with major ground operations taking place in areas east of the Dnieper River. Military activity elsewhere in Ukraine is likely to persist as Russian forces seek to degrade Ukrainian military capabilities. As of Feb. 27, Russian forces appear to be seeking to surround Kyiv, cut off Ukraine's access to the Black Sea, and capture key cities along the northeastern border.

Advice

Avoid travel to Ukraine until the situation stabilizes; consider exiting the country if safe to do so. Where fighting or airstrikes are occurring, shelter in place until the situation becomes clear. If officials report incoming fire, stay away from windows and exterior walls. Strictly heed the instructions of local security personnel, particularly when ordered to air-raid shelters. Stockpile food, fuel, and water when possible and safe to do so. Maintain contact with your diplomatic representation. Confirm that a thorough communication plan exists to ensure rapid accountability for all personnel operating in Ukraine. Reconfirm the status of public transport services and borders before departure.